Mullein, scientifically known as Verbascum thapsus (V. thapsus), is a biennial plant with a rich history in folk medicine. Commonly referred to as “common mullein,” it is found worldwide and is often considered an invasive species due to its prolific seed production and ability to thrive in various temperate regions.
Scientific and Common Names of Mullein
Scientific Names:
- Verbascum thapsus
- V. phlomoides
- V. thapsiforme
Common Names:
- American mullein
- European mullein
- Lungwort
- Orange mullein
- Candlewic
- Candleflower
- Flannel plant
- Higtaper
- Great mullein
- Woolly mullein
Taxonomy of the Mullein Plant
Mullein has undergone several taxonomic revisions since its first introduction into botanical literature by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is a dicotyledon, or dicot, one of the two main categories of flowering plants.
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Phylum: Tracheophyta (vascular plant)
- Family: Scrophulariaceae (figworts)
- Genus: Verbascum
Physical Characteristics of Mullein
Mullein is notable for its small yellow flowers that form dense groupings along a tall stem, which can grow over 6 feet tall under ideal conditions. The leaves form a rosette at the base and grow alternately along the stem, varying in shape from oblanceolate to oblong. The plant is covered in dense trichomes, giving it a silvery appearance. The flowers are pentamerous, featuring five lobes and petals, and can range in color from reds and purples to blues and whites depending on the species.
Habitat and Distribution
Mullein is found throughout North America, Europe, and temperate regions of Asia. In the United States, it is present in all continental states, as well as Hawaii and Alaska. Mullein thrives in disturbed areas such as pastures, fields, and roadsides. It prefers environments with canopy openings and can grow in diverse ecological landscapes, including deciduous woodlands, desert shrublands, meadows, prairies, chaparral, and coniferous forests.
Ecological and Agricultural Impact
As a biennial, mullein typically requires a period of winter dormancy before flowering. It is not a significant agricultural weed but can become a nuisance in non-agricultural areas where ground cover is sparse. Mullein does not impact agricultural crops significantly, but its dense infestations can drown out native herbs, shrubs, and grasses in disturbed areas.
Historical and Medicinal Uses
Mullein has been used for over 2000 years in folk medicine, primarily for treating pulmonary diseases. Greek physician Dioscorides recommended smoking mullein leaf for lung ailments, a practice adopted by Native American tribes and ancient Romans. Mullein root has been used in poultices for skin infections, while extracts from the flowers were used for various conditions, including eczema and earaches. Mullein tea and infusions were also popular for addressing abdominal and chest complaints.
Modern Uses and Pharmacology
Despite its historical uses, no FDA-approved drugs have been developed from mullein. However, mullein contains various phytochemicals of interest, such as flavonoids, tannins, mucilage, saponins, iridoids, lignin glycosides, and essential oils. The plant is included in the national formularies of both the United States and the United Kingdom.
Mullein in Health Products
Mullein is increasingly used in health food stores in dried form, as flowers, and as extracts for various wellness purposes. Despite its popularity, there are no FDA-approved uses for mullein for any medical condition.
Spiritual and Religious Use
Historically, mullein was believed to possess mystical and medicinal powers. It was used to ward off evil spirits and in holy ceremonies. In ancient Greece, Ulysses was said to have consumed mullein to protect himself against the seductive Circe.
Why Do We Use Mullein in MOUNTAIN Smokes?
Flavor and Smoothness
Mullein has a subtly sweet, refreshing herbal taste, enhancing the flavor and smoothness of smoked herbs and cannabis.
Improves Consistency
Mullein ensures a precise amount of CBD in each smoke and acts as a valued filler, enhancing flavor and smoothness.
Optimal Burn Rate
Mullein helps control the burn rate, allowing consumers to get the full amount of CBD quickly and conveniently.
